For example, if a company has 1,000 shares in total and you own 200 of them, you own 20% of the company.

Not really true. Most private corporations have more than one type of shares, and this article doesn’t seem to recognize that. That’s a huge issue.

You need to look at the articles of incorporation, the bylaws of the corporation, any unanimous shareholder agreements (Normally called a “USA”), and maybe even the resolutions in the Minute Book. Retractable, non-voting shares that you aren’t allow to transfer/sell without a director quorum, are not going to get you the same as voting shares, or preferred shares, or even shares that have different transferring restrictions.

2. All the (unneeded) secrecy around the compensation package - you are not allowed to talk about your salary and stock options with other employees, and in some places not even with your manager.

That is illegal even in the US, although it happens all the time.

I assume it is also illegal in other countries with better worker rights laws than the US.

“This isn’t us encouraging you to gamble-it is us asking you to think about how bad you would feel years from now if you learned that you could have made a ton of money if you had only placed a bet right now! It’s completely different!”